Constitutionalism movement limits power of monarchs from "summary" of The Origins of Political Order by Francis Fukuyama
The shift towards constitutionalism was a crucial development in limiting the power of monarchs. Constitutionalism emerged as a means to establish rules and institutions that would constrain the arbitrary exercise of authority by rulers. Instead of relying solely on the whims of a single individual, constitutionalism introduced the idea of governing according to established laws and norms. This movement signified a shift towards a more institutionalized form of governance, with checks and balances in place to prevent the abuse of power by monarchs. One key aspect of constitutionalism was the establishment of written constitutions that outlined the rights and responsibilities of both rulers and subjects. These constitutions served as a contract between the government and the governed, setting clear boundaries on the exercise of power. By codifying these rules, constitutionalism sought to limit the ability of monarchs to act arbitrarily and oppress their subjects. Furthermore, the rise of constitutionalism was accompanied by the emergence of representative institutions, such as parliaments, that provided a forum for citizens to voice their grievances and hold rulers accountable. These institutions served as a counterbalance to the power of monarchs, ensuring that decisions were made through a process of deliberation and negotiation rather than unilateral decree. In addition, constitutionalism fostered the development of an independent judiciary that could adjudicate disputes and interpret the law impartially. By establishing a separate branch of government dedicated to upholding the rule of law, constitutionalism helped to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of the monarch.- The constitutionalism movement represented a significant advancement in political development by placing limits on the power of monarchs and promoting the idea of government by rule of law. Through the establishment of written constitutions, representative institutions, and independent judiciaries, constitutionalism created a framework for more accountable and transparent governance. This shift towards constitutionalism was a key step in the evolution of political order towards more inclusive and legitimate forms of government.
