Matter is made up of atoms and molecules from "summary" of Chemistry Simplified NCERT Class 11 by Sanjay Sharma
The fundamental concept of chemistry is that matter is composed of tiny particles known as atoms and molecules. These particles are the building blocks of all substances in the universe. Atoms are the smallest units of an element that retain the chemical properties of that element. Molecules, on the other hand, are formed when two or more atoms combine chemically. Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in various energy levels or shells. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the identity of the atom, known as the atomic number. The atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Elements are classified based on their atomic numbers, which determine their unique properties. Molecules are formed when atoms combine through chemical bonds. There are different types of chemical bonds, such as covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and metallic bonds. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where electrons are free to move around the metal lattice. The study of atoms and molecules is crucial in understanding the behavior and properties of matter. For example, the arrangement of atoms in a molecule determines its shape and properties. The way atoms interact with each other influences the physical and chemical properties of substances. By studying the structure and interactions of atoms and molecules, scientists can predict how different substances will behave under various conditions.- The concept that matter is made up of atoms and molecules is the foundation of chemistry. Understanding the structure and properties of these particles allows us to comprehend the nature of substances and their interactions. By exploring the world at the atomic and molecular level, we can unlock the secrets of the universe and develop new technologies for the benefit of society.
