Government intervention can distort market efficiency from "summary" of Basic Economics by Thomas Sowell
When the government intervenes in a market, it often does so with the intention of improving outcomes for certain groups or achieving specific social goals. However, these interventions can have unintended consequences that end up distorting market efficiency. One way in which government intervention can distort market efficiency is through price controls. By setting price floors or price ceilings, the government can disrupt the natural equilibrium of supply and demand, leading to surpluses or shortages in the market. For example, if the government sets a price floor for agricultural products above the equilibrium price, farmers may produce more than consumers are willing to buy, resulting in a surplus of goods that goes to waste. Another way in which government intervention can distort market efficiency is through regulations and red tape. When the government imposes burdensome regulations on businesses, it can increase the cost of production and reduce the incentive for firms to innovate and compete. This can stifle economic growth and prevent resources from being allocated efficiently. Subsidies are another form of government intervention that can distort market efficiency. By providing financial assistance to certain industries or producers, the government can artificially prop up businesses that would otherwise fail in a competitive market. This can lead to misallocation of resources and prevent more efficient firms from entering the market. In addition to distorting market efficiency, government intervention can also create moral hazards. When the government bails out failing businesses or industries, it sends the message that firms can take on excessive risks without facing the consequences. This can encourage reckless behavior and lead to further distortions in the market.- Government intervention in the market can have unintended consequences that end up distorting efficiency and harming economic outcomes. It is important for policymakers to carefully consider the potential impacts of their interventions and strive to minimize distortions that can arise from government actions.
