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The self or atman is perceived as eternal and distinct from the body from "summary" of An Introduction to Indian Philosophy by Satischandra Chatterjee,Dhirendramohan Datta
The concept of self is rooted in the philosophical traditions of India, where it is viewed as a fundamental aspect of existence. This self, often referred to as atman, is understood to be eternal, unchanging, and distinct from the physical body. Unlike the body, which is subject to birth, decay, and death, the self transcends these temporal states. This distinction emphasizes the difference between the material and the spiritual. The body can be perceived as a temporary vessel, a mere instrument through which the self experiences life. As such, it is subject to various changes and ultimately faces mortality. In contrast, atman remains constant and is not affected by the vicissitudes of physical existence. This perspective fosters a deeper understanding of human identity, suggesting that true essence lies beyond the physical realm. The recognition of the self as eternal invites individuals to reflect on their spiritual journey. It encourages the pursuit of knowledge and self-realization, leading to liberation from the cyclical nature of life and death. This journey often involves introspection and meditation, fostering a connection with the universal consciousness that atman represents. The distinction between the self and the body challenges the materialist view of existence. It posits that human beings are not merely the sum of their physical attributes but are endowed with a higher spiritual reality. This understanding cultivates a sense of purpose and meaning, as individuals seek to align their lives with their true nature.- The exploration of the self provides a pathway to understanding one’s place in the cosmos, illustrating the profound interconnectedness of all beings and the eternal nature of existence. The journey towards realizing this truth is as significant as the truth itself, guiding individuals toward enlightenment and self-discovery.
